Một trong những dạng bài tập viết lại câu thường thấy nhất trong bài tập ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh là cách chuyển đổi từ thì hiện tại hoàn thành sang quá khứ đơn. Vì thế, trong bài viết này Bhiu.edu.vn sẽ cung cấp lý thuyết và bài tập dạng này để các bạn có thể ôn tập và nắm vững.
Cách chuyển đổi từ hiện tại hoàn thành sang quá khứ đơn
Dạng bài tập này có các mẫu như sau:
Dạng 1. This is the first time I have seen Mary (Đây là lần đầu tôi thấy Mary)
=> I have never seen Mary before. (Tôi chưa bao giờ thấy Mary trước đây)
Mẫu này có dạng:
Đây là lần đầu tiên … làm điều gì đó
=> …chưa bao giờ làm điều đó trước đây.
The first time: lần đầu tiên
Never …before : chưa bao giờ trước đây
Dạng 2. I started / begun studying Chinese 4 years ago. (tôi bắt đầu học Tiếng Trung cách đây 4 năm)
=> I have studied Chinese for 4 years. ( tôi học Tiếng Trung được 4 năm )
Mẫu này có dạng:
…bắt đầu làm gì đó cách đây + khoảng thời gian
=> .. đã làm chuyện đó for + khoảng thời gian
Nếu không có ago trong câu mà có when + mệnh đề thì các bạn giữ nguyên mệnh đề chỉ đổi when thành since.
Dạng 3. I last saw John when I was a student. (lần cuối cùng tôi thấy John là khi tôi là sinh viên)
=> I haven’t seen John since I was a student. (tôi đã không thấy anh ta từ khi tôi là sinh viên)
Mẫu này có dạng:
Lần cuối cùng làm chuyện đó là khi ….
=> ..không làm chuyện đó từ khi ….
Last : lần cuối
Since : từ khi
Dạng 4. The last time he went out with her was 3 years ago. (lần cuối anh ta đi chơi với cô ấy cách đây 3 năm)
=> He hasn’t gone out with her for 3 years.( Anh ấy đã không đi chơi với cô ấy đã 2 năm nay )
Dạng 5. It’s 5 years since I last met her. (đã 5 năm từ khi tôi gặp cô ấy lần cuối)
=> I haven’t met her for 5 years. (tôi đã không gặp cô ta 5 năm rồi)
Mẫu này có dạng:
Đã ..khoảng thời gian từ khi làm gì đó lần cuối
=> ..không làm việc đó được + khoảng thời gian
Dạng 6. When did he buy it ? ( Anh ấy đã mua nó khi nào ?
=> How long have he bought ? ( Anh ấy đã mua nó được bao lâu ? )
Mẫu này có dạng:
when: dùng quá khứ đơn
How long: dùng hiện tại hoàn thành
B. Bài tập
I. Viết lại câu không thay đổi nghĩa:
1) This is the first time she went abroad.
=> She hasn’t…………………………………………………………………………………….
2) He started driving 2 years ago.
=> He has……………………………………………………………………………………….
3) They began going when it started to rain.
=> They have………………………………………………………………………………………
4) I last had my hair cut when I left her.
=> I haven’t……………………………………………………………………………………….
5) The last time he kissed me was 2 years ago.
=> he hasn’t…………………………………………………………………………………….
6) It is a long time since they last met.
=> They haven’t……………………………………………………………………………………
7) When did you buy it?
=> How long …………………………………………………………………………………….?
8) This is the first time I had such a delicious meal.
=> I haven’t……………………………………………………………………………………..
9) I haven’t seen her for 10 days.
=> The last ……………………………………………………………………………………..
11) Linh started keeping a diary in 2002
Linh has ___________________________________
12) They started learning Chinese 3 years ago.
They have ___________________________________
13) I began living in Ha Noi when I was 10.
I have ___________________________________
14) He has taught the children in this remote village for 3 months
He started ___________________________________
15) She has not written to me since May.
The last time __________________________________
16) He hasn’t had a swim for 3 years
He last __________________________________
17) We last talked to each other two months ago
We haven’t __________________________________
18) The last time he saw his brother was in 2000
he hasn’t __________________________________
19) he hasn’t written to me for 2 years
It’s 2 years __________________________________
20) John and Mary have been married for 10 years.
It’s 10 years __________________________________
II. Chia động từ ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành và quá khứ đơn
1) The police………3 people early this afternoon. (to arrest)
2) He………to Vietnam but now he………back. (to go – to come)
3) John………3 tablets this year. (already/to buy)
4) How many games………so far this season? (your team/to win)
5)………the VN Tower when you………in Viet Nam? (you/to visit – to stay)
6)………your housework yet? – Yes, I………it was 2 hours ago. (you/to do – to finish)
7) There………an accident in Low Street, so we have to use High Street to get to your school. (to be)
8) I……..John since I………last Monday. (not/to see – to arrive)
9) Potter………his bike last August. So he………it for 5 months. (to get – to have)
10) I’m sorry, I………earlier, but I………a lot lately. (not/to write – to work)
III. Circle the mistake and then correct it
1. Mary has done (A) her homework and then listened (B) to music.
2. The children have put(A) away their toys but they didn’t make (B) their beds yet.
3. Mary learned (A) a lot since she started (B) the language course.
4. Huong has finished (A) her lunch and she went (B) out to play.
5. We haven’t seen (A) each other since May when we have met (B) at Tien’s party.
6. John has bought (A) a new MP3 player yesterday but Mary haven’t seen (B) it yet.
7. The hockey player hit (A) his head on Monday and he was (B) in hospital since then.
IV. Rewrite the sentences using the words given
1. John has just watered the flowers. (3 minutes ago)
_______________________________________________
2. They didn’t get ready for the party. (yet)
_______________________________________________
3. Linh has already done the washing up. (2 hours ago)
_______________________________________________
4. Have you ever visited an orphanage? (last year)
_______________________________________________
5. Uncle Jack took me to the school today. (already)
_______________________________________________
6. Haven’t you put on your jacket yet? (in the morning)
_______________________________________________
7. Huong didn’t spend her summer in Laos last year. (never)
_______________________________________________
8. The children didn’t return back from the school. (yet)
_______________________________________________
V/ Put in the present perfect or past simple of the verbs in brackets.
1. John (be) ________ to Viet Nam 3 times. He loves the place.
2. Mary (work) ________ for a computer company for 2 years. That was after college.
3. They (move) ________here in 2000. They (be) ________ here a long time now.
4. It isn’t a very good party. Most people (already/ go) ________ home.
5. It was so hot today that I (wear) ________ shorts and a T-shirt at work.
6. John and Mary (move) ________ 2 times since we (get) married.
7. So far this week there (be) ________ 2 burglaries in our street.
8. When I was younger I (play) ________ volleyball for my local team.
9. In the past few years, it (become) ________ more and more difficult to get into university.
10. She (enjoy) ________ skiing ever since she (live) ________ in Viet Nam.
11. I (not see) ________ Tom for ages. He (not visit) ________ us since May.
VI/ Viết lại câu từ quá khứ đơn sang hiện tại hoàn thành không làm thay đổi nghĩa.
1/ The last time Mary cooked was 2 years ago.
-> _________________________________
2/ When did you bought that camera?
-> _________________________________
3/ I last saw her 3 days ago.
-> _________________________________
4/ Mary started writing blog 3 months ago
-> _________________________________
5/ he began living in Hoi An when he was a child.
-> _________________________________
6/ It is 3 years since Peter last visit his grandparents.
-> _________________________________
7/ When did you start loving her?
-> _________________________________
8/ The last time I went to bar was 4 months ago.
-> _________________________________
9/ It’s 2 years since he wrote to me.
-> _________________________________
10/ I last took a bath 3 days ago.
-> _________________________________
VII/ Chuyển từ thì hiện tại hoàn thành sang quá khứ đơn
1/ How long has Mary been here?
-> ____________________________
2/ This is the first time I have seen such a beautiful place.
-> _____________________________________
3/ We haven’t gone to school for 2 months because of covid-19.
-> ___________________________________
-> _________________________________
-> _____________________________________
4/ I have never visited Ha Noi.
-> __________________________________
5/ I haven’t cheated in exam for 2 years.
-> _______________________________________
-> _______________________________________
-> ________________________________________
6/ We have married for 5 years.
-> _________________________________________
7/ How long have he lived in Ha Noi?
-> ________________________________________
8/ Tim hasn’t smoked for 3 years.
-> __________________________________________
-> ______________________________________
-> ______________________________________
9/ I have learnt English for 4 years.
-> ____________________________________
10/ I haven’t met him for 4 days.
-> __________________________________
-> __________________________________
-> ___________________________________
VIII. Fill in the present perfect simple or the past simple.
1. She _______ a great film yesterday. (see)
2. _______ a cheap camera? (you ever buy)
3. Linh _______ the flu last winter. (have)
4. A few days ago, we _______ to his brother. (drive)
5. They _______ bingo on Monday afternoon. (play)
6. She _______ the train to get there. (already take)
7. Last week my rabbit _______ away. (run)
8. They _______ a lot last Monday. (do)
9. _______ in Viet Nam? (he ever be)
10. I _______ her last Tuesday. (meet)
11. He _______ yet. (not wake up)
12. I _______ him since last Monday. (not meet)
13. John _______ well last night. (sleep)
14. I _______ a letter from him 3 days ago. (get)
15. They _______ in Laos. (already arrive)
IX. Choose the past simple or the present perfect tense:
1) We _______ (never/go) to Laos.
2) My great great grandfather (have) _______ 3 sisters.
3) He (live) _______ in Da Nang for a year when he was a child.
4) Oh no! I (lose) _______ my camera!
5) (you/see) _______ Linh today?
6) At the weekend, they (play) _______ Volleyball, then they (go) _______ to a restaurant.
7) I (read) _______ 5 books this week.
8) Linh (live) _______ in Hoi An when she was young.
9) he (visit) _______ his grandmother last week.
10) The Vandals (invade) _______ Rome in the year 455.
X. Chia các động từ trong ngoặc ra thì simple past hoặc present perfect
1. They (study)……………a very interesting lesson the day before yesterday.
2. We (study)…………………………………………almost every lesson in this book so far.
3. They (watch)……………………..that TV program.
4. We (watch)…………………an interesting program on television last week.
5. John and Mary………………………………….(travel) by air many times in the past
6. Peter and I (travel)……………………………. to Ha Noi by plane last summer
7. I (read)………………that novel by Shakespeare several times before.
8. I (read)…………………….that story again during my last winter holiday.
9. I (have)…………………….a little trouble with my bike last week.
10. However, I (have)……………………. no trouble with my car since then.
XI. Choose the past simple or the present perfect tense.
1) I (never/ go) __________ to Ha Noi before.
2) My grandfather (have) __________ 3 sisters and 5 brothers.
3) John (live) __________ in Laos for a year when he was an intern.
4) He (visit) __________ his grandmother last Monday.
5) Huong (be) __________ at the office all afternoon.
6) I (read) __________ 3 books this week.
7) We (see) __________ Peter yesterday.
8) We (go) __________ to the supermarket last week.
9) he (live) __________ in 3 different countries, so he knows a lot about different languages.
10) He (break) __________ his leg the day before his exam.
XII. Past Simple or Present Perfect Tense
1. The weather _________________ (be) awful in the past few days.
2. I _________________ (wash) the dishes. They’re clean now.
3. _____________________________ (your course, start) yet?
4. Linh _________________ (pack) her suitcase last night.
5. They _________________ (close) the factory. – Really? When ______________________ (that happen) ?
6. Shall we play volleyball? We _________________ (not play) since we were children.
7. The airplane _________________ (land) . The pilot is just getting out.
8. Prices _________________ (go) up. Everything is more expensive this year.
9. I’m tired. We _________________ (walk) 5 miles.
10. The Queen _________________ (arrive) in an RAF helicopter last night.
XIII. Complete the second sentence using the word in brackets so that it has the same meaning as the first one
1. She left Laos 5 years ago
It _________________________________. (since)
2. My father started washing his car in the morning.
My father __________________________. (since)
3. John has been collecting stamps since he was a kid.
John ______________________________. (when)
4. It has been 3 months since my arrival in Hoi An
I _________________________________. (ago)
5. He died 3 years ago.
He ________________________________. (been)
6. She started planting roses at half past seven.
She _______________________________. (since)
ĐÁP ÁN
I.
1. She hasn’t never gone abroad before.
2. He has driven for 2 years.
3. They have gone since it started raining.
4. I haven’t cut my hair since I left her.
5. He has kissed me for 2 years.
6. They haven’t met (each other) for a long time.
7. How long have you bought it?
8. I haven’t never eaten such a delicious meal before.
9. The last time I saw her was 10 days.
11. Linh has kept a diary since 2002.
12. They have learned Chinese for 3 years
13. I have lived in Ha Noi since I was 10.
14. He started to teach the children in this remote village 3 months ago.
15. The last time she wrote to me was in May.
16. He last had a swim was 3 years ago
17. We haven’t talked to each other for 2 months.
18. he hasn’t seen his brother since 2000.
19. It’s 2 years since he wrote to me.
20. It’s 10 years since John and Mary were married.
II.
| 1 – arrested | 2 – went – has come | 3 – has already bought | 4 – has your team won | 5 – Did – visit |
| 6 – have you done – finished | 7 – has been | 8 – haven’t … met – arrived | 9 – got – has had | 10 – haven’t written – have worked |
III.
| 1. A (sửa thành did) | 2. B (sửa thành haven’t made) | 3. A (sửa thành has learned) | 4. A (sửa thành finished) |
| 5. B (sửa thành met) | 6. A (sửa thành bought) | 7. B (sửa thành has been) |
IV
1. John watered the flowers 3 minutes ago
2. They haven’t gotten ready for the party yet
3. Linh finished washing up 2 hours ago
4. Did you visit an orphanage last year?
5. Uncle Jack has already take me to the school
6. Didn’t you put your jacket in the afternoon?
7. Huong has never spent her summer in Laos
8. The children haven’t return from the school yet.
V/
1. John (be) ____has been____ to Viet Nam 3 times. He loves the place.
2. Mary (work) ___worked_____ for a computer company for 2 years. That was after college.
3. They (move) ___moved_____here in 1993. They (be) ___have been_____ here a long time now.
4. It isn’t a very good party. Most people (already/ go) ___have already gone_____ home.
5. It was so hot today that I (wear) ___wore_____ shorts and a T-shirt at work.
6. John and Mary (move) ____have moved____ 2 times since we (get) __got___married.
7. So far this week there (be) ____have been____ 2 burglaries in our street.
8. When I was younger I (play) ___played_____ volleyball for my local team.
9. In the past few years, it (become) ___has become_____ more and more difficult to get into university.
10. She (enjoy) ___has enjoyed_____ skiing ever since she (live) ____lived____ in Viet Nam.
11. I (not see) ___haven’t seen_____ Tom for ages. He (not visit) ____hasn’t visited____ us since May.
VI/
1 – Mary haven’t cooked for 2 years
2 – How long have you bought that camera?
3 – I haven’t seen her for 3 days.
4 – Mary has written blog for 3 months.
5 – He has lived in Hoi An since he was a child.
6 – Peter haven’t visited his grandparents for 3 years.
7 – How long have you loved her?
8 – I haven’t gone to bar for 4 months.
9 – he hasn’t written to me for 2 years.
10 – I haven’t taken a bath for 3 days.
VII/
1 -> When did Mary go here?
2 -> I have never seen such a beautiful place before.
3 -> The last time we went to school was 2months ago
-> we last went to school 2 months ago.
-> It is 2 months since we last went to school
4 -> This is the first time I have visited Ha Noi.
5 -> It is 2 years since I last cheated in exam
-> The last time I cheated in exam was 2 years.
-> I last cheated in exam 2 years ago.
6 -> We started marrying 5 years ago.
7 -> When did he start living in Ha Noi?
8 -> Tim last smoked 3 years ago.
-> The last time Tim smoked was 3 years ago.
-> It is 3 years since Tim last smoked.
9 -> I began learning English 4 years ago.
10 -> I last met him 4 days ago.
-> It is 4 days since I last met him.
-> The last time I met him was 4 days ago.
VIII.
1 – saw; 2 – Have you ever bought; 3 – had; 4 – drove; 5 – played;
6 – has already taken; 7 – ran; 8 – did; 9 – Has she ever been; 10 – met;
11 – hasn’t woken up; 12 – haven’t met; 13 – slept; 14 – got; 15 – have already arrived;
IX.
1) We __have never been_____ (never/go) to Laos.
2) My great-great-grandfather (have) ____had___ 3 sisters.
3) He (live) ___lived____ in Da Nang for a year when he was a child.
4) Oh no! I (lose) ____have lost___ my camera!
5) (you/see) ___Have you seen____ Linh today?
6) At the weekend, they (play) ___played ____ volleyball, then they (go) ____went___ to a restaurant.
7) I (read) ____have read___ 5 books this week.
8) Linh (live) ___lived____ in Hoi An when she was young.
9) he (visit) ___visited____ his grandmother last week.
10) The Vandals (invade) ____invaded___ Rome in the year 455.
X.
1. They (study)………studied……a very interesting lesson the day before yesterday.
2. I (study)………………………have studied…………………almost every lesson in this book so far.
3. We (watch)………watched……………..that television program.
4. We (watch)…………watched………an interesting program on television last week.
5. John and Mary………………travelled………………….(travel) by air many times in the past
6. Peter and I (travel)………………travelled……………. to Ha Noi by plane last summer
7. I (read)……have read…………that novel by Shakespeare several times before.
8. I (read)…………read………….that story again during my last winter holiday.
9. I (have)…………had………….a little trouble with my bike last week.
10. However, I (have)…………have had…………. no trouble with my car since then.
XI.
1) I (never/ go) ____have never went_____ to Ha Noi before.
2) My grandfather (have) _____had_____ 3 sisters and 5 brothers.
3) John (live) ____lived______ in Laos for a year when he was an intern.
4)He (visit) ____visited______ his grandmother last Monday.
5) Huong (be) _____has been_____ at the office all afternoon.
6) I (read) _____read_____ 3 books this week.
7) We (see) _____saw_____ Peter yesterday.
8) We (go) _____went_____ to the supermarket last week.
9) he (live) _____has lived_____ in 3 different countries, so he knows a lot about different languages.
10) He (break) _____broke_____ his leg the day before his exam.
XII.
1. The weather _____has been______ (be) awful in the past few days.
2. I _____have washed______ (wash) the dishes. They’re clean now.
3. _____Has your course started_____ (your course, start) yet?
4. Linh ____packed_________ (pack) her suitcase last night.
5. They ____have closed_____ (close) the factory. – Really? When ___did that happen___ (that happen) ?
6. Shall we play volleyball? We ____ haven’t played______ (not play) since we were children.
7. The airplane _____ has landed_____ (land) . The pilot is just getting out.
8. Prices _____have gone_____ (go) up. Everything is more expensive this year.
9. I’m tired. We __ have walked___ (walk) 5 miles.
10. The Queen ___arrived____ (arrive) in an RAF helicopter last night.
XIII. Complete the second sentence using the word in brackets so that it has the same meaning as the first one
1. It has been 5 years since she left Laos
2. My father has been washing his car since the morning
3. John started collecting (to collect) stamps when he was a kid.
4. I arrived in Hoi An 3 months ago.
5. He has been dead for 3 years
6. She has been planting roses since half past seven
Trên đây là phần lý thuyết và bài tập của dạng chuyển thì hiện tại hoàn thành sang quá khứ đơn– một trong những kiến thức quan trọng nhất trong tiếng Anh. Các bạn cần chăm chỉ làm bài tập thì các bạn sẽ hiểu rõ và nắm vững kiến thức này. Chúc các bạn học tập thật hiệu quả!. Bạn hãy ghé thăm Học ngữ pháp tiếng Anh để có thêm kiến thức mỗi ngày.