Kiến thức về câu bị động tiếng anh 8 là một nền tảng khá quan trọng cho việc học tiếng Anh. Các bạn cần nắm rõ lý thuyết và thực hành nhiều bài tập để có thể thành thạo kiến thức này. Bhiu.edu.vn với bài viết Lý thuyết đầy đủ về kiến thức bài tập câu bị động tiếng anh 8 để bạn nắm rõ kiến thức hơn.
A. LÝ THUYẾT CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG
I. ĐỊNH NGHĨA
– Active voice: là câu mà trong đó S giữ vai trò chủ động/ chủ thể ( essential part) hay S là người hay vật thực hiện việc nào đó.
Eg : Jane bought a book.
– Passive voice: là câu mà trong đó S đứng vai trò bị động và O giữ vai trò chủ động hay S nhận hành động do một chủ thể khác thực hiện.
Eg: A book was bought by Jane.
– Bị động có tác dụng nhấn mạnh vào chủ thể chịu tác động của hành động và chính hành động đó:
Bao gồm: + Chủ thể tạo ra tác động của hành động
+ Hành động (Không quan tâm tới chủ thể thực hiện hành động đó)
I. Form:
Active: S + V + O + …….
Passive: S + be + V3/ed + (by O) + ……
Ex: Active: Jane arranges the books every weekend.
S V O
Passive: The books are arranged by Jane every weekend.
S be V3/ed by O
II. CÁCH ĐỔI CÂU CHỦ ĐỘNG SANG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG
Ex: Câu chủ động: John took this book yesterday
Câu bị động: This book was taken by John yesterday
Trong câu chủ động:
– John → Subj ; took → động từ chính (Past simple)
– this book → Obj; yesterday → trạng từ chỉ thời gian
Trong câu bị động:
– Obj ( this book) → Subj ; Subj ( John) →by Obj
– took (động từ chính) → taken (V3 / V ED – Past participle)
– thêm was vì động từ chính (took) đang ở thì Past simple
A. Tổng quát:
| A. Tổng quát: active sentence: Subject + V + Obj Passive sentence: Subject + BE + V3 / VED (động từ chính) + by Obj1- Chuyển: Obj —> Subj; Subj —-> by Obj (Có thể bỏ by Obj nếu không cần thiết)2-Thêm BE và chia thì tương ứng với câu. 3- Chuyển động từ chính sang —> V3 hoặc V ED. |
Một số công thức bị động của các thì
1. Present simple tense: S + is/ am/ are+ PII + by O
Eg: she drinks tea everyday -> tea is drunk everyday.
2. Present continuous tense: S + is/ am/ are+ being+ PII + by O
Eg: John is listening to music at the moment -> Music is being listened to by John at the moment.
3. Present perfect tense: S + have/ has been + PII + by O
Eg: They have hired this car since last month -> This car has been hired since last month.
4. Past simple tense: S + was/ were + PII + O
Eg: They stole a lot of money in that bank 3 months ago. -> A lot of money was stolen in that bank 3 months ago.
5. Past continuous tense: S + was/ were + being+ PII + O
Eg: Linh was writing a letter yesterday morning. -> A letter was written by Linh yesterday morning.
6. Past perfect tense: S + had + been + PII + O
Eg: She had had dinner before she did her homework yesterday. -> Dinner had been had before her homework was done yesterday.
7. Simple future tense: S + will/ shall+ be +PII +O
Eg: My brother will paint our house white tomorrow. -> Our house will be painted white by my sister tomorrow.
8. Near future tense: S + is/ are/ am+ going to+ be +PII +O
Eg: Linh is going to work that tree. -> That tree is going to be worked by Linh.
9. Future perfect tense: S + will/ shall+ have been +PII +O
Eg: They will have sold their bike by next June. -> Their car will have been sold next June.
10. Infinitive: S+ (to) + be+ PII + O
Eg: We have to finish my homework now. -> Our homework has to be finished now.
11. Gerund: being + PII+ O
Eg: I remember my father taking me to the cinema when I was I child. -> I remember being taken to the cinema by my father when I was a child.
12. Modal V: modal V + Be + PII + O
Eg: You should type this letter. -> This letter should be typed.
13. Modal V+ perfect: modal V + have Been + PII + O
Eg: Somebody should have called the president this afternoon. -> The president should have been called this afternoon.
* Notes:
– Ta dùng V nguyên thể trong câu bị động : Be+PII để chỉ một ý định hay sự ép buộc hay sự không thể được.
Eg: This homework is to be done.
- Sau những V: to have, to order, to cause, to get hay 1 V chỉ về giác quan hoặc cảm tính ta dùng PII bao hàm nghĩa như bị động:
Eg: We had your bag taken.
They heard the song sung
They got tired after having walked for long.
B. Cụ thể như sau:
1. Xác định Subj, Obj, Verb trong câu chủ động
2. Chuyển: Obj —> Subj; Subj —-> by Obj
Lưu ý: Nếu Subj của câu chủ động là danh từ chỉ vật liệu, dụng cụ —> câu bị động thay by bằng with + Obj.
Ex: Moss is covering this wall. —> This wall is being covered with moss.
– Nếu Subj của câu chủ động bao gồm: nothing, no one, nobody —> câu bị động bỏ by Obj và ở thể phủ định.
Ex: No one helps her —> She is not helped.
3. Chuyển động từ chính thành V3 hoặc V ED.
4. Thêm BE và chia tương ứng với thì trong câu chủ động
5. Giữ lại động từ khiếm khuyết (Modal verb) trong câu bị động nếu có.
Will/ would, shall/ should, can/ could, be going to, may/might must, have to, used to, …
Active: S+ will/would, shall/ should…+ Vo + object
→Passive: S + will/would, shall/should… + be + V3 / Vo ED (+ by object).
6. Để trạng từ chỉ thể cách (adj + ly) trước Past Participle (V3 / Vo ED) nếu có.
Ví dụ: People use English widely => English is widely used
7. Giữ nguyên giới từ sau Past Participle nếu có.
8. Để trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn trước by, trạng từ chỉ thời gian sau by nếu có. Place + by Obj + Time.
Ex: Mr Peter built this school in John’s village last year.
→ This school was built in John’s village by Mr Peter last year
9. Past Participle (V3 / V ED) as an Adjective, do đó động từ theo sau hầu hết là To infinitive.
Ex: He makes me cry. => I am made to cry.
III. NHỮNG TRƯỜNG HỢP PASSIVE VOICE ĐẶC BIỆT:
1-Causative form (thể truyền khuyến):
a/ Active voice: -S + Have + O (chỉ người) + Vo.
Ex: I have John repair my bicycle.
-S + Get + O (chỉ người) + to inf.
Ex: I get John to repair my bicycle.
b/ Passive voice: -S + Have/Get + O (chỉ vật) + V3 / V ED.
Ex: I have/get my bicycle repaired by John.
2. Sau những động từ chỉ ý kiến (verb of opinion): say, report, think, believe, rumour, know, consider, claim…
Active: S1+ verb1 (say/ believe/ think….) (that) +S2+ verb2…
Passive:
Cách 1: It + be + V3 / V ED (verb1) + S2 + verb 2 ….
Cách 2: S2 + be + V3 / V ED (verb1) + to-infinitive (verb 2) /
+ to have + V3 / V ED (verb 2) nếu V1 khác thì V2
Ex: People say that she was crazy.
→ Cách 1: It is said that she was crazy.
→ Cách 2: She is said to have been crazy. (to have been vì say và was khác thì).
Ex: People say that love brings happiness.
→ Cách 1: It is said that love brings happiness.
→ Cách 2: Love is said to bring happiness.( Dùng to bring vì say và bring cùng thì)
3. Sau những động từ chỉ giác quan (verb of perception): smell, watch, notice, make, feel, taste, see, hear, help, bid.
Ex: I hear her come in —> She is heard to come in (nếu câu chủ động là coming thì chúng ta giữ nguyên trong câu bị động).
4. Imperative (câu mệnh lệnh):
Ex: a. Open the door —> Let the door be opened.
b. They let her go out —> She was allowed to go out / She was let to go out.
5. Sau những động từ: like, hate, love, prefer, want, wish, hope.
Ex: He wants John to take photographs→ He wants photographs to be taken by John.
Ex: Peter does not like people laughing at him. –> Peter does not like being laughed at.
6. Các động từ: advise, agree, insist, recommend, determine, decide, demand, beg, urge, arrange, suggest, propose, order, request.
Ex: John advised me to accept this job
→ Cách 1: John advised me this job should be accepted.
→ Cách 2: I was advised to accept this job.
7- Need + to be + V3 / Vo ED = Need + Ving
Ex: My shirt needs to be ironed / My shirt needs ironing.
8- It + be + adjective + to-infinitive + sth
Passive: It + be + adjective + for sth + to be + V3 / Vo ED
Ex: – It is important to finish this work.
=>It is important for this work to be finished
– It is necessary to copy this letter
=> It is necessary for this letter to be copied.
– It is time to feed the duck => It is time for the duck to be fed.
9- Các trường hợp khác:
Ex Please enter this way. —> You are requested to enter this way.
Tham khảo thêm: Câu bị động tiếng Anh 9
B. Bài tập câu bị động tiếng anh 8
Ex 1: Choose the correct answer.
1. An old man feeds the pigeons.
The pigeons ________________________
A. are fed
B. were fed by an old woman.
2. A burglar broke the window.
The window _____________________
A. was broken
B. is broken by a burglar.
3. John has made a mistake.
A mistake _______________________
A. was made
B. has been made .
4. They are going to love her.
She _____________________________
A. is going to be loved
B. was going to be loved.
5. Cervantes wrote ‘Don Quixote’.
‘Don Quixote’ _______________________
A. was written by Cervantes.
B. has been written by Cervantes.
6. She is helping my brother.
My brother ________________
A. is helped
B. is being helped by her.
7. John will drive the bus.
The bus ____________________
A. will been driven
B. will be driven by John.
8. Mary was watering the plants.
The plants ___________________
A. were being watered
B. are being watered by Mary.
Đáp án
1 – A; 2 – A; 3 – B; 4 – A;
5 – A; 6 – B; 7 – B; 8 – A;
Ex 2: Sắp xếp các từ thành câu
1. has/ The/ window/ opened./ been
2. on/ is/ grass/ the/ prohibited./ Walking
3. Lunch/ is/ at/ served/ 11.30.
4. spoken/ in/ Vietnamese/ is/ shop./ that
5. were/ trees/ The / this / morning. /watered/
6. meat/ been/ your/ The/ has/ dog!/ stolen/ by
7. is/ being/ Your/ hair/ brushed.
8. if/ they/ naughty./ will/ be/ children/ punished/ The/ are
9. yet. / not/ bike/ Your/ repaired/ is
10. because/ cake/ happy/ awful/ eaten!/ been/ am/ has/ John/ that
Đáp án
1 – The window has been opened.
2 – Walking on the grass is prohibited.
3 – Lunch is served at 11.30.
4 – Vietnamese is spoken in that shop.
5 – The trees were watered this morning.
6 – The meat has been stolen by your dog!
7- Your hair is being brushed.
8 – The children will be punished if they are naughty.
9 – our bike is not repaired yet.
10 – John is happy because that awful cake has been eaten!
C. BÀI TẬP RÈN LUYỆN
Exercise 1:Thể bị động và chủ động
- People drink a great deal of coffee in Vietnam.
- John was writing 2 poems.
- Mary often takes her dog for a walk.
- People speak English all over the world.
- A group of students have met their friends at the bus station.
- They didn’t allow John to take these books home.
- The teacher won’t correct the exercises next week.
- How many trees did they cut down to build that building?
- This well-known library attracts many people.
- My mom used to make us clean the house.
- He likes people to call him “Sir”.
- They are going to have someone repair their bike
- People say that she is intelligent.
- He can’t repair my car.
- Linh has operated John since 10 o’clock.
- Mr. Smith has taught us English for 2 years.
- Mary didn’t look after the children properly.
- Nobody swept this street last week.
- How many lessons are you going to learn next week?
- You need to do this exercise.
Exercise 2: Viết lại câu ở thể bị động
1. They will construct some new buildings on islands.
……………………………………………………………………………………
2. The new president might fulfill this promise as quickly as people would like.
……………………………………………………………………………………
3. They are going to find out the truth.
……………………………………………………………………………………
4. You can buy pictures like this one anywhere.
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. Someone will tell you when you go in to see the doctor.
……………………………………………………………………………………
6.They should have finished the building by the time you arrive.
……………………………………………………………………………………
7. Someone has to write the history of the European Community one day.
……………………………………………………………………………………
8. When is someone going to announce the results of the contest?
……………………………………………………………………………………
9. Where will your company send you next month?
……………………………………………………………………………………
10. We ought to have reported the accident to the police.
……………………………………………………………………………………
Exercise 3: Điền từ vào chỗ trống
- John has good news. The engineering firm where he had an interview yesterday (may + offer) ………………………….. him a job soon.
- Good news! I (may + offer) ………………………….. a job soon. I had an interview at an engineering firm last week.
- You (should + open) ………………….. the wine about 3 hours before you use it.
- You (mustn’t + move) ………………………….. this woman; she is too ill. She (will + have to + leave) ………………………….. here.
- You (must + take) …………………………..those books back to the library yesterday.
- We tried, but the door (couldn’t + open) ……………………………
- You (must + keep) ………………………….. eggs in a refrigerator or it will spoil.
- I (had better + wash) ……………….. my clothes now, or they will be very smelly.
- Someone (should + tell) ………………………….. Tom the news immediately.
- This application (be supposed to + send) ………….. to the personnel department soon.
Exercise 4: Chọn đáp án đúng
1. I shouldn’t ………. so much tea last night. I was wide awake till 3 in the morning.
A. drink
B. drank
C. be drunk
D. have drunk
2. The profits are supposed …………………. among the shareholders.
A. to divide
B. to be divided
C. dividing
D. being divided
3. When you are on duty, your uniform must …………………. at all times.
A. wear
B. be wear
C. be worn
D. be wearing
4. You promised him a letter; you ought to …………………. days ago.
A. write
B. be writing
C. have written
D. be written
5. After the test papers …………………. to the students in class tomorrow, the students …………………. their next assignment.
A. will return – will be given
B. will be returned – are given
C. are returning – are giving
D. are returned – will be given
6. The class for next year is too large. It ought to …………………. in half.
A. be divided
B. divide
C. have divided
D. have been divided
7. The entire valley can …………………. from their home.
A. see
B. be seen
C. being seen
D. sees
8. She is wearing a gold ring on her fourth finger. She must………………….
A. have been married
B. be married
C. marry
D. have married
9. A child should …………………. everything he or she needs.
A. gives
B. give
C. have been given
D. be given
10. Your son has a good voice. His interest in singing …………………. encouraged.
A. should be
B should
C. be
D. have
11. I found this bag on my desk when I came to class. It must ……. by one of the students in earlier class.
A. be left
B. have been left
C. leave
D. have left
12. You had better ………………….your chores before mother gets home.
A. be finished
B. have finished
C. have been finished
D. finish
13. This book will have to …………………. to the library tomorrow.
A. return
B. have returned
C. being returned
D. be returned
14. John’s birthday was on the 10th, and now it’s already the 12th. His birthday card …. a week ago.
A. will be sent
B. can be sent
C. should have been sent
D. should have sent
15. You …………………. me to Dr. John. We’ve already met.
A. don’t have to introduce
B. mustn’t be introduced
C. shouldn’t introduce
D. mustn’t introduce
16. Tom ………………….Mary to the party tomorrow.
A. will be invited
B. will invite
C. will have invited
D. will have been invited.
17. A new building ………………….in this area.
A. are going to be built
B. builds
C. is going to be built
D. is going to build
18. Mary …………………. What’s going on in his English class?
A. can’t understand
B. can’t be understood
C. could have understood
D. could have been understood
19. Our test papers ………………….by our teachers now.
A. are marking
B. are being marked
C. will mark
D. will be marked
20. ………………….the birds in your garden at 3 o’clock yesterday afternoon?
A. Did you feed
B. Were you fed
C. Were you being fed
D. Were you feeding
Exercise 5: Chọn đáp án đúng
1. Many U.S. automobiles ————— in Chicago.
A. manufacture
B. have manufactured
C. are manufactured
D. are manufacturing
2. I still can’t believe it! My bike ———– last night.
A. was stolen
B. was stealing
C. stolen
D. stole
3. Let’s go ahead and do it now. Nothing ———— by waiting.
A. will be accomplished
B. accomplished
C. has accomplished
D. accomplishes
4.” When ———-? “ – In 1928
A. penicillin was discovered
B. did penicillin discovered
C. was penicillin discovered
D. did penicillin discover
5. The rescuers ———- for their bravery and fortitude in locating the lost mountain climbers.
A. were praised
B. praised
C. were praising
D. praising
6. Vitamin C ———- by the human body.
A. absorbs easily
B. is easily absorbing
C. is easily absorbed
D. absorbed easily
7. Her paintings ———- masterpieces all over the world.
A. had considered
B. are considering
C. are considered
D. consider
8. I can’t go along here because the road is —————.
A. been repaired
B. being repaired
C. repaired
D. repairing
9. More than 50 films ————— in Ho Chi Minh city since May.
A. were shown
B. had been shown
C. have been shown
D. have shown
10. John is ————— Linh.
A. marry with
B. marry to
C. married with
D. married to
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